ABI - Language and identity in the UK
ABI - Language and identity in the UK
Mini-description: Explore how accents, dialects, multilingualism and language attitudes can become elements of regional and social identity in the UK. The aim is to describe, analyse and evaluate language use in context — not to rank varieties.
Target group: Englisch als fortgeführte Fremdsprache, Kursstufe Baden-Württemberg, shared Basisfach / Leistungsfach module. Orientation: B2, partly C1. BF uses a smaller, exemplary corpus and stronger scaffolds; LF adds wider source comparison, greater text complexity, independent synthesis and more AFB II/III.
English first: Context → word family → visual clue → English explanation → monolingual dictionary → bilingual dictionary → short German help. There is no full German translation.

The schematic map is based on older dialect mapping and also includes Ireland. Use it to generate questions, not as a current census of how every person speaks.
Media entry — 90 seconds: Watch a short section. Note two audible differences and one question. Treat the clip as a performance of selected accents, not as proof that all speakers from a place sound alike. Do not imitate a variety as a caricature.
Einleitung
Language can signal place, networks, generation, situation, migration history or belonging — but it never determines a person's intelligence, character or competence. Everyone speaks with an accent, and speakers can shift style across situations. A label such as Scottish, London or working-class may describe context, but it must not become a linguistic value judgement.
This course combines listening/viewing, short source reading, visual analysis, speaking and writing. You work with public data and openly licensed or officially embedded media instead of long copied texts. Where a source makes a claim, you check who produced it, when, with which data and for what purpose.
I-can goals
| I can ... | BF | LF |
|---|---|---|
| distinguish accent, dialect, variety, register | identify and apply the terms to one source | compare terms across several sources and discuss borderline cases |
| describe language without ranking speakers | use neutral evidence-based wording | analyse how prestige and stigma are socially produced |
| understand varied UK speech | extract key ideas from a manageable clip | connect ideas across longer or contrasting clips |
| read multilingualism data critically | select and explain key figures | compare census designs, categories and limitations |
| analyse language and identity | use feature → evidence → effect → context | synthesise language, identity, power, migration and source reliability |
| speak and write independently | use sentence frames, planning grid and feedback | develop a nuanced argument with counter-position and source synthesis |
Vorwissen: first thoughts
- Accent: Write one neutral sentence explaining what an accent can tell a listener and one thing it cannot prove.
- Identity: Sort these fictional factors into possible identity resource or not reliable proof of identity: pronunciation, postcode, friendship network, self-identification, one isolated word.
- Source criticism: Before watching again, predict which evidence would make a claim about a regional or social variety trustworthy.
Core concepts
| Term | English first | Word formation / clue | Deutsch-Hilfe erst danach |
|---|---|---|---|
| accent | pronunciation features associated with a speaker or group | accent → accented | Aussprachevarietät / Akzent |
| dialect | a systematic variety that may differ in pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary | dialect → dialectal | Dialekt |
| variety | neutral umbrella term for a form of language used by a group or in a setting | vary → variety → variation | Varietät |
| register | language choices linked to situation, audience and purpose | register → register shift | Register / situationsbezogener Sprachgebrauch |
| multilingualism | the use or knowledge of more than one language in a person or community | multilingual → multilingualism | Mehrsprachigkeit |
| language attitude | beliefs or evaluations attached to ways of speaking | attitude → attitudinal | Spracheinstellung |
| style-shifting | adapting features of speech to context, audience or identity work | style → stylistic | situationsbezogener Stilwechsel |
Dictionary route: If a term is unclear, first infer it from context and the word family, then use a monolingual learner's dictionary. Only after that use a bilingual dictionary or the short German help above.
Visualise: one country, many language ecologies

The map visualises broad distributions of English, Scots, Welsh and Scottish Gaelic. It does not show every language used in the UK and it does not tell you how strongly a person identifies with a language. Ask: What does the map make visible? What does it hide?



Quick compare: For each image, identify the public setting, visible languages/scripts and possible audiences. Then distinguish communicative function from symbolic visibility. Do not infer an individual's identity from a sign.
Listening / Viewing: many voices, no ranking
Track A — Scots and Scottish English
The University of Edinburgh provides an English and a Scots version of the same short historical introduction. The project is released as CC BY. Listen comparatively: Which lexical or grammatical features do you notice? Which ideas remain the same across versions? Scots is not simply “bad English”.
BF: Use a teacher-selected 2–3 minute passage and complete a three-column grid: idea – evidence – term. LF: Compare both versions, identify at least three linguistic differences and explain why translation/equivalence is not always word-for-word.

Track B — migration and urban language change
Paul Kerswill's public lecture asks how migration and social change have affected London speech. Use it as a source to investigate Multicultural London English (MLE), then cross-check with the University of York research pages. MLE developed in multilingual London and is used across different ethnic and linguistic backgrounds; it must not be reduced to one ethnicity.
Reading: multilingual Britain through data
Do not merge all four nations into one statistic. Census questions, categories and census years differ.
| Source | Selected evidence | Reading question |
|---|---|---|
| ONS Census 2021, England and Wales | 91.1% of residents aged 3+ reported English, or English/Welsh in Wales, as a main language; other main languages include Polish, Romanian, Panjabi and Urdu | What does main language measure, and what does it not measure? |
| Scotland's Census 2022 | 2.5% aged 3+ reported some Gaelic skills; 46.2% some Scots skills; the BSL question was new in 2022 | Why are skills figures not directly comparable with main language figures? |
| Northern Ireland Census 2021 | NISRA publishes separate tables for main language, Irish, Ulster-Scots and English proficiency | Which table would answer your research question most directly? |
BF reading route: choose one row, open the official source and explain two figures plus one limitation. LF reading route: compare at least two official sources and evaluate how different question wording changes interpretation.

Important distinction: British Sign Language is a language in its own right, not an accent or dialect of English. Its inclusion widens the question of language visibility and identity beyond spoken language.
Kontextwortschatz
| Expression | Context clue / word family | Use it to ... |
|---|---|---|
| to signal belonging | signal → sign | describe a possible social meaning without claiming certainty |
| to index | index → indexical | explain an association between a feature and a social meaning |
| prestige | prestigious | name positive social status attached to a variety, not linguistic superiority |
| stigma | stigmatised | name negative social evaluation attached to speech |
| bias | biased → unbiased | discuss unequal judgement |
| speech community | speak → speech | describe a network of speakers sharing norms or practices |
| repertoire | set of available linguistic resources | describe multilingual or multi-style choices |
| to accommodate | accommodation | describe convergence or adaptation to an interlocutor |
| to stereotype | stereotype → stereotypical | criticise overgeneralisation |
| evidence-based | evidence → evidential | separate observation from impression |
Analysis: language, place, class and belonging
Use this sequence for every text, clip, image or data set:
| Step | Question |
|---|---|
| 1 Feature | What exactly can you hear, read or see? |
| 2 Evidence | Which word, sound, structure, number, caption or visual detail supports the point? |
| 3 Function | What communicative or identity-related function might it have here? |
| 4 Context | Who speaks/writes, to whom, where, when and for what purpose? |
| 5 Limitation | What alternative explanation or source limitation must be considered? |
BF scaffold: complete steps 1–4 for one material; use step 5 as a sentence starter. LF extension: connect at least two materials, add counter-evidence and distinguish the source's claim from your own interpretation.
Useful cautious verbs: suggest, indicate, associate, position, construct, negotiate, index, frame. Avoid deterministic wording such as proves that people from X are ....
Language attitudes and accent bias
The SOAS lecture discusses research on accent bias in Britain. Its own description notes that the talk itself had not undergone peer review, so use it together with the University of York Accent Bias Britain materials and published research. The central analytical distinction is:
| Linguistic feature | Social evaluation |
|---|---|
| observable pronunciation, grammar or vocabulary pattern | prestige, stigma, friendliness, professionalism or other listener judgement |
No accent is linguistically “better” than another. Social evaluations can still have real effects, for example in recruitment, and therefore deserve critical analysis.
BF: Identify one claim, one piece of evidence and one limitation. LF: Compare the lecture with the York research summary and evaluate whether the evidence supports a claim about bias, its causes or possible interventions.
Speaking
BF mini-speaking: 90 seconds. Compare two materials using: Both sources show ... / Source A foregrounds ... whereas Source B ... / This may suggest ... / However, the source cannot prove ...
LF synthesis: 3 minutes plus follow-up. Respond to: To what extent can language function as a marker of identity without fixing identity? Use at least three materials, include one counter-position and evaluate source quality.
Feedback focus: intelligibility, evidence, structure, interaction and precise terminology. A regional or non-RP accent is not an error merely because it differs from another accent.
Writing
Core prompt: Assess how accents, dialects and multilingual practices can contribute to regional or social identity in the UK, and how language attitudes complicate this relationship.
BF: Use one visual/data source and one audio/text source. Plan with claim – evidence – explanation – limitation. Teacher sets a manageable length. LF: Build a multi-source argument, distinguish description from evaluation, include counter-evidence and connect the discussion to migration, postcolonial Britain or social change.
Independent writing rule: AI may support question generation or checking only if allowed by your teacher. It must not produce a replacement essay. Verify every AI-generated factual claim and source. Your analysis and wording remain your own.
Optional mediation
A German-speaking school group asks why a London station sign can include another script and why this does not mean that everyone in the area has the same identity. Mediate the key idea in concise English for visitors. Do not translate word-for-word; select context-relevant information and explain the uncertainty of identity inference.
Hilfen und Differenzierung
| Support level | BF option | LF option |
|---|---|---|
| Language | sentence frames, word-family table, selected dictionary entries | independent paraphrase, hedging and terminology choice |
| Material | one short clip plus one visual/data source | several sources with contrasting genres and positions |
| Pace | pause, replay, transcript only after first listening | longer listening span, selective note-taking |
| Analysis | guided five-step grid | independent comparison, source evaluation, counter-evidence |
| Output | structured 90-second talk or concise paragraph | extended synthesis and AFB II/III evaluation |
Help ladder: context → morphology → visualisation → English explanation → monolingual dictionary → bilingual dictionary → compact German clarification. Move down the ladder only as far as needed.
Feedback and error analysis
After a task, mark one example for each category: content/evidence – analysis – organisation – language accuracy – lexical precision – source use. Then write one repair sentence.
| Weak move | Better move |
|---|---|
| This accent sounds uneducated. | The listener associates the accent with low status; the judgement is social, not a measure of linguistic quality. |
| This sign proves people here are bilingual. | The sign makes two languages publicly visible; it does not prove individual proficiency. |
| The census shows the UK speaks ... | This source covers a specific nation or nations, year and question; wider UK claims require additional sources. |
Transfer: migration, postcolonial Britain and social change
Connect language to the current Baden-Württemberg focus without reducing people to language labels. Ask how migration can reshape urban repertoires, how colonial/postcolonial histories affect which languages are visible, and how institutions can influence prestige. A strong answer links linguistic evidence + historical/social context + source limitation.
Datenschutz, KI und faire Datennutzung
- Datenschutz: Use fictional survey data in class unless your teacher has arranged an ethical research design. Never infer sensitive personal traits from a voice.
- Audioaufnahme: Recording your own voice is voluntary. Keep recordings private/local unless you have explicitly agreed to another use.
- Upload: Do not upload classmates' voices, texts or images without permission. No task in this aiMOOC requires an external upload.
- Künstliche Intelligenz: Do not send personal data to external AI tools. If AI use is permitted, document it, check claims against reliable sources and do not submit AI-generated replacement essays.
Abi-Check Baden-Württemberg — Stand 02.10.2026
The official 2027 and 2028 Facherlasse both place English in the field Politics, culture, society – between tradition and change with the reference culture United Kingdom and explicitly include current questions of identity as well as political, cultural and social developments. They also retain On the Move: Migration and Cross-Cultural Encounters as a focus. This aiMOOC is therefore a language-and-identity module inside the broader official fields, not a claim that “language and identity” is a separate compulsory Abitur title.
| BF | LF |
|---|---|
| Same focus and compulsory-work framework is treated in an appropriate, reduced scope; stronger scaffolding and exemplar materials are appropriate. | Greater breadth, depth and differentiation; more complex texts and independent cross-material synthesis. |
| The Facherlass describes the oral Abitur route for the Basisfach; course assessment across the qualification phase includes listening, reading, analysis, mediation and different writing tasks. | The written Abitur combines listening and writing; for 2027 the Facherlass gives about 255 minutes including selection time, plus the communication examination under the applicable rules. |
The Bildungsplan states that BF and LF differ in complexity, abstraction, breadth, depth and differentiation and that the end-of-course orientation is B2, partly C1. Before an assessment, reopen the official page for your exact examination year because regulations can be updated.
Official check: Kultusministerium Baden-Württemberg: Termine und Informationen zum Abitur · Bildungsplan Englisch: Basisfach/Leistungsfach
Folgekurs
Continue with ABI - Migration and Cross-Cultural Encounters in the UK, ABI - Postcolonial Britain and identity or ABI - Analysing non-fictional texts and visuals. Reuse the same evidence-first method: feature → evidence → function → context → limitation.
Quellen und rechtssichere Medien
The Wikimedia Commons files used above carry reuse information on their file pages; click an image to check author and licence. The Edinburgh Scots videos are documented by the university as CC BY. Other videos are embedded from official institutional or rights-holder channels; do not download or re-upload them. Availability can change.
- Wikimedia Commons: Dialects of English in UK and Ireland
- Wikimedia Commons: Distribution map of languages in the United Kingdom
- Wikimedia Commons: Welsh bilingual sign
- Wikimedia Commons: Gaelic-English road sign
- Wikimedia Commons: Whitechapel Station
- Wikimedia Commons: Dialects of Scots
- Wikimedia Commons: BSL name
- ONS: Language, England and Wales, Census 2021
- Scotland's Census 2022: language
- NISRA: Census 2021 language tables
- University of York: Multicultural London English
- University of York: Accent Bias Britain
- University of Edinburgh OER: The Origins of the Scots Language
Interaktive Aufgaben
Quiz: Teste Dein Wissen
What does an accent primarily concern? (Pronunciation) (!Grammar only) (!Spelling only) (!A person's intelligence)
What can a dialect include? (Pronunciation grammar and vocabulary) (!Only a national flag) (!Only formal writing) (!Only one speaker's mistake)
Which term is a neutral umbrella for a form of language used by a group or in a setting? (Variety) (!Hierarchy) (!Error) (!Defect)
What does multilingualism refer to? (The use or knowledge of more than one language) (!Speaking without an accent) (!Using only formal English) (!Replacing dialects with one standard)
What is a language attitude? (A social belief or evaluation attached to ways of speaking) (!A fixed linguistic law) (!A measure of intelligence) (!A census population count)
What is the safest conclusion from a bilingual public sign? (It makes more than one language publicly visible) (!Everyone nearby is bilingual) (!One language is linguistically superior) (!All residents share one identity)
What is Multicultural London English? (A London English variety shaped in a multilingual urban context) (!A single ethnic group's private language) (!A mistake caused by poor schooling) (!The official standard language of the UK)
How should you analyse an accent-bias claim? (Separate observable language features from listener evaluations) (!Rank the accents from best to worst) (!Treat stereotypes as linguistic facts) (!Infer competence from pronunciation)
How do BF and LF mainly differ in the Baden-Württemberg course plan? (LF requires greater complexity breadth depth and differentiation) (!BF has no language learning goals) (!LF bans visual material) (!BF must use only German)
Which level is the stated end-of-course orientation for English in the Kursstufe? (B2 partly C1) (!A1 only) (!A2 only) (!C2 in every skill)
Memory
| Accent | Sound patterns |
| Dialect | Grammar and lexis variation |
| Register | Situation-linked style |
| Multilingualism | More than one language |
| Language attitude | Social evaluation |
| Identity | Belonging and self-positioning |
| Style-shifting | Context-sensitive adaptation |
Drag and Drop
| Ordne die richtigen Begriffe zu. | Thema |
|---|---|
| Regional identity | Place and local belonging |
| Social identity | Groups networks and social positioning |
| Multicultural London English | Multilingual urban London |
| Language attitudes | Listener evaluations of ways of speaking |
| Bilingual signage | Public visibility of more than one language |
...
Kreuzworträtsel
| Accent | Which term mainly describes pronunciation features? |
| Dialect | Which term can include pronunciation grammar and vocabulary? |
| Register | Which term describes language choices linked to situation and purpose? |
| Identity | Which term describes belonging and self-positioning? |
| Prestige | Which term names positive social status attached to a way of speaking? |
| Multilingualism | Which term describes the use or knowledge of several languages? |
LearningApps
Lückentext
Offene Aufgaben
Leicht
- Accent feature log: Watch a teacher-selected 60–90 second clip and record three observable pronunciation features without rating them.
- Linguistic landscape: Annotate one Commons image from Wales, Scotland or Whitechapel with audience, languages/scripts and possible function.
- Word formation: Build a small word-family map for vary, identity, prestige, bias and use each family in one English sentence.
- Private speaking rehearsal: Record a 60-second explanation of accent vs dialect only if you want to; keep the file private/local and delete it after self-feedback if you prefer.
Standard
- Comparing bilingual signs: Compare the Welsh, Gaelic-English and Whitechapel images. Explain what they can and cannot tell you about identity.
- Listening evidence vs stereotype: Rewatch one accent clip and classify notes as observable evidence, interpretation or stereotype.
- Fictional language survey: Create a fictional class data set with at least four languages and visualise it. Explain why fictional data protect privacy and what the graph cannot prove.
- Argument paragraph: Write a structured paragraph responding to Language can signal belonging without fixing identity. Include evidence, a limitation and cautious language.
Schwer
- Multicultural London English source synthesis: Combine the York MLE research page with Kerswill's public lecture. Explain one claim both support and one question that remains open.
- Accent bias research critique: Compare the SOAS lecture with the York Accent Bias Britain summary. Distinguish research finding, interpretation, limitation and possible intervention.
- OER micro-documentary storyboard: Plan a 2–3 minute video using only licence-compatible Commons media and your own narration. Include attribution and a non-hierarchical message; publication is not required.
- Abi transfer task: Connect language and identity with migration or postcolonial Britain using at least three sources. Formulate a thesis, counter-argument and evidence plan without generating a replacement essay with AI.


Lernkontrolle
- Source comparison: Two sources use different census questions such as main language and some skills. Explain how the wording changes the conclusions a reader may draw.
- Bias case study: A fictional recruiter gives different professionalism ratings to identical answers labelled with different accent descriptions. Design a fairer procedure and explain which variable is being tested.
- Visual transfer: Analyse a new multilingual sign using feature → evidence → function → context → limitation. Then explain one alternative interpretation.
- Speaking transfer: Respond to A standard variety is useful in some contexts, but usefulness is not superiority. Build a balanced oral argument with one example and one counter-position.
- AI claim check: A fictional AI answer says, MLE belongs to one ethnic group and replaced Cockney. Identify the problems and write a source-check plan using academic evidence.
- Abi synthesis: Plan a response that links language, identity, migration and social change. Label which parts belong mainly to AFB I, AFB II and AFB III.
Lernnachweis
Für einen Lernnachweis ist wichtig, dass Du:
- Begriffe: accent, dialect, variety, register, multilingualism, language attitude und style-shifting sicher unterscheidest.
- Evidence-based analysis: konkrete sprachliche, visuelle oder statistische Belege nutzt, bevor Du interpretierst.
- Nicht-Hierarchisierung: Varietäten nicht als sprachlich höher- oder minderwertig darstellst und soziale Bewertungen als solche kennzeichnest.
- Quellenkritik: Autor, Institution, Datum, Datengrundlage, Frageformulierung und Grenzen einer Quelle prüfst.
- Kompetenzen: Hör-/Sehverstehen, Lesen, Analyse, Sprechen und Schreiben passend zur Aufgabenstellung verbindest.
- BF-LF-Differenzierung: im BF strukturiert und exemplarisch, im LF breiter, tiefer und selbstständiger Materialien verknüpfst.
- Eigenständigkeit: eigene Analyse und Formulierungen erstellst, KI-Angaben prüfst und keine Ersatzaufsätze abgibst.
- Datenschutz: nur fiktive oder freigegebene Daten nutzt und freiwillige Aufnahmen privat behandelst.
OERs zum Thema
Verknüpfte Lernbereiche
aiMOOC-Projekte
MOOCwiki · Deutsch
Nach dem Lernen ist vor dem Lernen
Entdecke direkt den nächsten Lernkurs. Weitere Inhalte erscheinen, wenn Du weiter nach unten scrollst.
Zur MOOCwiki-HauptseiteJetzt üben: United Kingdom: Identity and current developments →Mediathek
Mediathek wird aus dem Wiki geladen ...
Keine passenden Inhalte gefunden. Bitte ändere Suche oder Filter.
NEWSLernweltNOAH fragen