aiMOOC

ABI - Global inequality

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ABI - Global inequality

Mini-description: Explore selected dimensions of global inequality through reliable data, careful source work and several explanatory perspectives. The aim is not to find one simple cause, but to build evidence-based explanations that distinguish description, interpretation and evaluation.

Starter question: What does this map show — and what can it not show? Before you explain any pattern, identify the indicator, year, unit, source, missing data and scale.

Media note: The Crash Course video is useful for concepts such as income and wealth inequality. Its examples are not a substitute for current data. Always check dates and definitions.

Course orientation: BF/LF, Baden-Württemberg and the Abitur

This aiMOOC is designed for a shared Basisfach/Leistungsfach course in continued English in the upper secondary level in Baden-Württemberg. It supports language, text/media and intercultural competences while keeping the material manageable and evidence-based.

Checked on 3 October 2026: The official Baden-Württemberg documents for the 2027 and 2028 Abitur are available via the Kultusministerium. For 2028, English LF includes listening comprehension and a writing section with reading comprehension, analysis and either personal comment or creative writing. The official 2028 focus topic is On the Move: Migration and Cross-Cultural Encounters, together with the USA and UK topic fields. Global inequality is therefore used here as a cross-cutting practice module, not as a replacement for the official focus-topic list. The 2027 and 2028 requirements should always be checked against your own examination year.

BF profile: Work exemplarily with fewer materials, clearer steps, shorter synthesis tasks and stronger language scaffolding. In BF, focus especially on secure comprehension, clear evidence and structured AFB I/II work, while still practising transfer.

LF profile: Link several materials independently, compare competing explanations, evaluate limitations, handle denser non-fiction texts and practise more AFB II/III.

Language target: B2 is the common target, with parts of C1 as a learning orientation. Difficulty should come from thinking, evidence and synthesis — not from artificially obscure vocabulary.

I-can goals

I can define inequality precisely. I can distinguish income, wealth, opportunity, outcome, poverty and multidimensional deprivation.
I can read data critically. I can explain what an indicator measures, how it was constructed and where its limits are.
I can compare dimensions. I can connect economic inequality with health, education, gender, infrastructure and digital access without assuming that they always move together.
I can explain cautiously. I can use several explanatory perspectives and avoid monocausal claims.
I can analyse media. I can interpret maps, charts, non-fiction texts and videos by combining content, design and communicative purpose.
I can communicate. I can discuss, present, mediate and write about inequality in accurate, appropriately formal English.
I can verify. I can check AI-supported claims, statistics and quotations against reliable primary or institutional sources.

Activate prior knowledge

Do this before reading the input sections.

Prompt	Your first answer	Later revision
What is the difference between poverty and inequality?	Write one sentence.	Revise after the measurement section.
Can a country become richer while inequality rises?	Give a hypothesis.	Add a data-based example later.
Which matters more: inequality between countries or within countries?	Give a tentative answer.	Revisit after the data comparison.
Which causes of inequality come to mind?	Name at least three.	Group them into interacting perspectives later.

Media starter: Read the map before reading the explanation

First look: The Gini coefficient summarises the spread of a distribution. A lower value indicates a more equal distribution and a higher value a more unequal distribution. But a Gini value does not tell you who is poor, who is rich, how large average incomes are or why the distribution looks this way.

BF task: Describe two visible patterns and two limitations.

LF task: Add a methodological question about comparability and formulate two different hypotheses that could explain one pattern. Do not decide between them before checking further evidence.

Core concept: What is global inequality?

Global inequality is a broad term for unequal distributions of resources, opportunities, living conditions and risks among people across the world. It can be studied at different levels.

Lens	English explanation	Useful question
Between-country inequality	Differences in average income, wealth or living conditions between countries or regions.	How far apart are average levels across places?
Within-country inequality	Differences among people or households inside the same country.	How unequal is the distribution inside one society?
Income inequality	Unequal flows of earnings and other income over a period of time.	Who receives what share of current income?
Wealth inequality	Unequal ownership of assets minus debts.	Who owns housing, land, firms, savings and financial assets?
Inequality of opportunity	Unequal chances connected to circumstances that people do not fully control.	How much do birthplace, family background, sex or social group shape life chances?
Inequality of outcome	Unequal observed results such as income, educational attainment or health.	How unequal are the final results?

Key distinction: A map of the richest 10% shows concentration within countries. It does not directly measure differences in average income between countries.

Measuring inequality without being misled

Reliable analysis starts with definitions.

Indicator	What it helps you see	What it can hide
Gini coefficient	Overall dispersion of a distribution.	It does not identify where in the distribution the gap occurs.
Top income or wealth share	Concentration at the top.	It says little about the middle unless combined with other shares.
Poverty rate	Share of people below a defined threshold.	Poverty and inequality are different concepts.
PPP-adjusted income	Purchasing-power comparisons across countries.	Results depend on the PPP benchmark and data quality.
HDI	Average achievement in health, education and income dimensions.	National averages can conceal unequal distribution.
IHDI	HDI adjusted for inequality within its dimensions.	It remains a composite index and does not replace dimension-specific data.
MPI	Overlapping deprivations in health, education and living standards.	Coverage and survey years differ across countries.

Current poverty-line caution: In June 2025 the World Bank updated the international extreme-poverty line to $3.00 per person per day in 2021 international dollars. Older graphs may still use $2.15 in 2017 PPP. Do not compare figures across these standards as if only the number changed; the PPP base, poverty line and underlying surveys also matter.

World Bank: June 2025 update to global poverty lines

Data-reading routine: indicator → definition → year → unit → population → data source → missing data → uncertainty → claim.

Human development and multidimensional inequality

Income alone cannot capture differences in health, education and living standards.

The Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index reduces the HDI when achievements are distributed unequally. If there were no inequality in the measured dimensions, HDI and IHDI would be equal. This makes the gap between the two useful for discussing how average achievement and distribution differ.

UNDP: Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index

BF focus: Explain the difference between an average and a distribution in your own words.

LF extension: Evaluate whether one composite index can adequately represent multidimensional inequality. Use at least one benefit and two limitations.

A current economic snapshot: World Inequality Report 2026

According to the World Inequality Report 2026, using its own distributional methodology for 2025, the global top 10% receive about 53% of income and own about 75% of wealth, while the bottom 50% receive about 8% of income and own about 2% of wealth. Treat these values as estimates produced by a defined methodology, not as timeless facts.

World Inequality Report 2026: Executive Summary World Inequality Report 2026: Methodology

Method task: Before quoting any one of these figures, state the year, population group, variable and source. Then check whether another source uses the same concepts.

Dimensions of global inequality

Income and wealth

Income is a flow; wealth is a stock. Two people can have similar income but very different wealth because of property ownership, inheritance, debt or past savings. Wealth can also generate future income, so the two dimensions interact.

Fehler beim Erstellen des Vorschaubildes:

Source-warning task: This map uses older wealth data. Explain why it can still be useful for method practice but should not be presented as a current snapshot.

Redistribution

Taxes and transfers can change the distribution of disposable income. The size of that effect varies across countries and depends on institutions, tax design, social protection, population structure and the starting distribution.

Fehler beim Erstellen des Vorschaubildes:

Do not overclaim: A map showing redistribution is evidence about a measured difference before and after taxes and benefits. It does not by itself prove why a system developed in a particular way or whether every policy component has the same effect.

Gender inequality

Gender inequality can involve reproductive health, education, political representation, labour-force participation, earnings, unpaid care work and property rights. Different indicators capture different parts of this picture.

Datei:Gender inequality index from the human development report, World, 2023 (cropped).svg

Analysis move: Describe the indicator before describing the map. Then avoid turning regional patterns into assumptions about every individual in a country.

Digital and infrastructure inequality

Access to infrastructure shapes what people can do with education, health services, communication, banking and work, but infrastructure alone does not guarantee equal outcomes.

Fehler beim Erstellen des Vorschaubildes:

Datei:Share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity,World,2023.svg

Compare: Where do the two maps appear to overlap? Where might they diverge? Suggest possible explanations, then state what additional evidence you would need.

Work and earnings

The ILO distinguishes vertical earnings inequality, differences across demographic and labour-market groups, and inequality of opportunity. Its 2026 work highlights sectoral differences, informality and structural barriers as relevant factors. This supports a multi-perspective approach rather than a single-cause story.

ILO 2026: Inequalities in the world of work

Explaining inequality: several perspectives, not one master cause

A good explanation distinguishes mechanisms from slogans. The perspectives below can reinforce or offset one another.

Perspective	Possible mechanism	Evidence you would need	Typical caution
Historical and institutional	Colonial legacies, land systems, legal institutions or past exclusion can shape present access to assets and power.	Long-run historical data, institutional change, comparative cases.	Historical influence does not mean every current difference has one historical cause.
Education and skills	Unequal access to quality education can affect productivity, occupation and earnings.	Enrolment, attainment, quality, returns to education, family background.	Education can reduce some gaps but may reproduce others.
Labour markets	Informality, sector segmentation, bargaining institutions and wage-setting can affect earnings dispersion.	Employment type, sector, wages, collective bargaining, minimum wages.	Labour-market patterns interact with technology, firms and policy.
Technology	Automation and digitalisation can complement some skills and replace some tasks.	Task data, adoption rates, productivity, wages by occupation.	Effects differ across countries, sectors and time.
Trade and global value chains	Openness can create jobs, change prices and shift bargaining power or sector composition.	Trade exposure, employment, wages, firm data, value-chain position.	Trade can generate gains and losses simultaneously; distribution matters.
Fiscal policy and social protection	Taxes, transfers and public services can change disposable income and opportunities.	Pre-tax and post-tax measures, transfers, public spending, incidence studies.	Policy effects depend on design, compliance and institutions.
Geography and infrastructure	Distance, disease environment, transport, energy and connectivity can affect costs and opportunities.	Spatial data, infrastructure access, transport costs, health data.	Geography is not destiny; institutions and investment matter.
Discrimination and social structure	Gender, ethnicity, caste, race, disability or migration status can shape access and treatment.	Group-specific outcomes, audit studies, legal/institutional evidence.	Avoid essentialising groups or assuming one mechanism everywhere.
Shocks and climate risks	Conflict, pandemics, disasters and climate hazards can destroy assets or disrupt schooling and work.	Exposure, vulnerability, recovery, insurance and social-protection data.	A shock can widen or narrow measured gaps depending on who is affected.

Synthesis rule: Prefer formulations such as “This may contribute to…”, “The effect depends on…” and “The evidence is consistent with…” when causality is not established.

Source triangle: data, method, interpretation

Use three checks before accepting a claim.

Data: Who collected the data, for which population, in which year and with what missing cases?
Method: How was the indicator calculated? Is it survey data, administrative data, national accounts, modelling or a combination?
Interpretation: Is the claim descriptive, causal or evaluative? Does the evidence actually support that level of claim?

Reliable starting points: World Bank Poverty and Inequality Platform, UNDP Human Development Reports, ILO, World Inequality Database, OECD for member-country comparisons, and carefully documented visualisations from Our World in Data.

Listening and Viewing

Viewing task 1: OECD concept video. Watch once for gist. Watch again and note: definition of inequality, one mechanism, one policy argument and one piece of evidence. Because the video is from 2015, verify all numerical claims with newer data before reusing them.

Viewing task 2: UNDP and the pandemic. Identify how the video connects health, education and income. Then separate short-term shock effects from pre-existing structural inequality.

BF support: Use a four-column grid: claim | evidence | key term | question.

LF extension: Compare the framing of inequality in both videos. Analyse purpose, selection of evidence, target audience and what is left outside the frame.

Recording option: Any oral recording is voluntary and can remain private on your own device. No upload is required.

Reading: short synthesis text

Read first without a dictionary. Mark only words that block meaning.

Global inequality is not one gap but a set of overlapping distributions. A person may live in a country with rising average income while still facing weak access to education, unstable work or high exposure to climate risks. Conversely, a country can have relatively equal income distribution at a low average income level. This is why analysts combine several indicators rather than treating one number as a complete picture.

Measurement choices matter. Income can be measured before or after taxes and transfers; household surveys may miss very high incomes; wealth data are often less complete than income data; and international comparisons require adjustments for price differences. Composite indices such as the HDI or IHDI simplify complex information but also hide detail.

Explanations therefore need more than correlation. Historical institutions, education, technology, trade, labour-market structures, taxation, discrimination, infrastructure and shocks may interact. Their importance differs across countries and periods. A strong analysis makes its mechanism explicit, uses evidence that matches the claim, considers an alternative explanation and states uncertainty.

Reading task: Write a one-sentence summary. Then identify three sentences that warn against oversimplification.

LF extension: Turn the final paragraph into a causal diagram with at least five interacting factors and two feedback loops.

Context vocabulary and word formation

Use this order: context → word family → visual/example → English explanation → dictionary → German help only if still needed.

Term	English explanation	Word family	Context clue	Dictionary move	Optional Deutsch-Hilfe
disparity	a noticeable difference, especially one considered important	disparity, disparate	a disparity in access	Check collocations.	Unterschied/Gefälle
deprivation	lack of things or conditions needed for an acceptable standard of living	deprive, deprived, deprivation	multidimensional deprivation	Compare noun and adjective.	Entbehrung/Mangel
redistribution	changing how income or resources are distributed, often through taxes and transfers	distribute, distribution, redistribute, redistribution	post-tax redistribution	Check prefix re-.	Umverteilung
purchasing power	how much goods and services money can buy	purchase, purchasing	purchasing-power parity	Look up the full phrase, not only power.	Kaufkraft
informality	economic activity or employment outside some formal legal or social-protection arrangements	formal, informal, formally, informality	informal employment	Check field-specific meaning.	informeller Sektor
exposure	degree to which people or places are subject to a risk	expose, exposed, exposure	exposure to climate hazards	Check verb pattern.	Ausgesetztsein
vulnerability	susceptibility to being harmed	vulnerable, vulnerability	social vulnerability	Compare with exposure.	Verwundbarkeit
mobility	movement between social or economic positions	mobile, mobility	intergenerational mobility	Check the compound.	soziale Mobilität
opportunity	a chance to do or achieve something	opportune, opportunity	inequality of opportunity	Check countability.	Chance/Möglichkeit
concentration	a large share being held by a small group	concentrate, concentrated, concentration	wealth concentration	Check noun-verb shift.	Konzentration

Analyse toolkit: from description to explanation

Use the sequence D-M-C-L.

Step	Question	Useful language
Describe	What does the material show?	The chart indicates… / The largest gap appears…
Measure	Which indicator, unit, year and population are used?	The figure measures… / Values refer to…
Connect	Which mechanism could connect the variables?	One plausible mechanism is… / This may be linked to…
Limit	What can the material not prove?	The data do not establish causality… / A limitation is…

For visual analysis: also consider composition, scale, colour coding, categories, caption, missing data and whether the visual design may overstate or understate differences.

Speaking

Task: Evidence roundtable — “Which dimension should be prioritised when analysing global inequality?”

Each person chooses one dimension and prepares one claim, one data point, one limitation and one question.
Round 1: present for 60–90 seconds.
Round 2: connect your dimension to someone else’s.
Round 3: revise your first claim after hearing counter-evidence.
End with a shared statement containing at least one area of agreement and one unresolved question.

BF support: Use sentence starters and one visual.

LF extension: Bring two sources with different indicators and explicitly resolve or explain apparent contradictions.

Privacy: Live discussion is sufficient. Audio/video recording is optional, private and not to be uploaded unless a teacher has explicitly arranged a lawful, consent-based workflow.

Writing

Prompt: “Economic growth alone is not enough to understand progress. Discuss with reference to global inequality.”

BF route: 300–450 words. Use one main data visual, one additional dimension, one counterpoint and a clear conclusion.

LF route: 500–700 words. Synthesize at least three materials, distinguish descriptive from causal claims, compare explanatory perspectives and discuss measurement limits.

Paragraph scaffold: claim → evidence → explanation → qualification → link.

Do not write a replacement essay with AI. If AI is allowed by your school or teacher, use it only for clearly identified support such as generating questions or checking wording. Verify every factual claim and source independently. The final argument, selection of evidence and writing must be your own.

Mediation

Situation: A German partner school has published a short note about unequal access to digital infrastructure. Your English-speaking exchange partner does not need a translation but a concise explanation.

Task: Mediate the relevant information in 120–160 words in English. Select only what the reader needs: what is unequal, which groups or regions are affected, what evidence is used and what limitation should be mentioned.

Rule: Mediation is purposeful reformulation, not sentence-by-sentence translation.

Help before German translation

Try support in this order.

Context: infer from the sentence and the visual.
Word formation: identify prefixes, suffixes and related words.
English explanation: paraphrase the idea in simple English.
Dictionary: use a reputable monolingual dictionary, then a bilingual one if needed.
German help: use only to unlock a remaining comprehension problem.

Feedback and error analysis

Use feedback to improve the next attempt, not only to correct the last one.

Error type	Example problem	Repair move
Concept	poverty and inequality are treated as synonyms	define both before using data
Evidence	a claim has no year or source	add source, year, unit and population
Causality	correlation is written as proof	downgrade the claim or add causal evidence
Scope	one country is generalised to a whole region	narrow the claim
Language	vague verbs such as shows that causes	use precise verbs such as indicates, is associated with, estimates
Synthesis	materials are summarised one after another	compare, connect and qualify them

Peer-feedback protocol: One strong evidence link → one unclear causal step → one language improvement → one question the writer should answer.

Data and AI integrity

Check first-hand sources. Do not rely on an AI-generated statistic without opening the original source.
Keep provenance. Record title, institution, year, indicator definition and link for every dataset.
Do not fabricate evidence. If classroom data are fictional, label them clearly as fictional.
Do not upload personal material without consent. No private recordings, student work or identifying data need to be sent to external services.
No hidden AI access. Do not connect external AI systems to class files or accounts without an explicitly authorised workflow.
Own the reasoning. Your explanation, source selection and final text must remain your own academic work.

Transfer: a fictional data sandbox

The following data are fictional and only for method practice.

Country	Gini	Life expectancy	Internet use	Extreme poverty
A	0.29	high	high	low
B	0.43	medium	medium	medium
C	0.36	low	low	high

Task: Write three claims that are supported by the table and three claims that are not supported. Then suggest which real datasets you would need before explaining the differences.

Abi-Check

Current official connection, checked 3 October 2026: For the 2028 English LF Abitur in Baden-Württemberg, the written examination includes listening comprehension and a writing part with reading comprehension, analysis and a choice between personal comment and creative writing. Unknown texts may be combined with discontinuous material such as statistics, diagrams or images. The LF course should emphasise AFB II/III more strongly than AFB I. In BF, requirements are reduced in breadth, depth and complexity; across course assessment, listening, reading, analysis, mediation and different writing types must be covered.

Mini-Abi practice:

Listening: Use one embedded video. Take notes on gist, detail and speaker purpose without a transcript.
Reading: Summarise the short synthesis text in 70–90 words.
Analysis: Analyse one map and explain how visual design and indicator choice shape interpretation.
Writing: Comment on the statement “A single indicator can never represent global inequality adequately.”
Transfer: Link one inequality dimension to migration, identity, the USA or the UK without forcing a connection.
Self-check: Mark each sentence in your draft as description, analysis, explanation or evaluation. If one category is missing, revise.

Follow-up course

Continue with one of these learning paths:

Globalisation: trade, global value chains and distributional effects.
Migration: opportunities, mobility, borders and inequality.
Climate justice: unequal emissions, exposure and adaptive capacity.
The American Dream: equality, opportunity and mobility in US discourse.
Postcolonialism: historical structures, representation and present-day inequalities.
Data literacy: indicators, uncertainty, visualisation and source criticism.

Interaktive Aufgaben

Quiz: Teste Dein Wissen

What does a Gini coefficient primarily summarise? (The dispersion of a distribution) (!The average income of a country) (!The number of people below a poverty line) (!The total wealth of a country)

Which statement best distinguishes wealth from income? (Wealth is a stock of assets minus debts while income is a flow over time) (!Wealth and income are identical measures) (!Income measures only inherited property) (!Wealth measures only monthly wages)

Why is purchasing-power parity used in international comparisons? (To adjust for differences in price levels across countries) (!To remove all uncertainty from surveys) (!To make every currency equal in market exchange) (!To measure political stability)

What does the IHDI do? (It adjusts human development for inequality within its dimensions) (!It measures only national income) (!It replaces all education statistics) (!It counts only people below the poverty line)

What is the World Bank international extreme-poverty line used for primary reporting after the 2025 update? (3 dollars per person per day in 2021 international dollars) (!1 dollar per person per day in current US prices) (!2 dollars per household per week) (!10 dollars per person per hour)

What is within-country inequality? (Differences among people or households inside one country) (!Differences in average climate between continents) (!Differences between exchange rates only) (!Differences between historical periods only)

According to the World Inequality Report 2026 estimate for 2025, what share of global wealth is owned by the top 10 percent? (About 75 percent) (!About 10 percent) (!About 25 percent) (!About 50 percent)

Why should monocausal explanations of global inequality be avoided? (Multiple interacting mechanisms can shape outcomes across places and time) (!All countries have exactly the same institutions) (!Data never allow any explanation) (!Only geography affects economic outcomes)

What should you check before interpreting a data visual? (Indicator definition year unit population and source) (!Only the colour of the map) (!Only the title) (!Only whether the result matches your expectation)

Which emphasis is stated for the 2028 English LF course assessments in Baden-Württemberg? (AFB II and III should be stronger than AFB I overall) (!AFB I should replace analysis) (!Only vocabulary recall should be assessed) (!Only creative writing should be assessed)

Memory

Gini coefficient	overall dispersion of a distribution
Purchasing-power parity	adjustment for international price differences
IHDI	human development adjusted for inequality
Top share	proportion held by a defined upper group
Within-country inequality	differences inside one country
Between-country inequality	differences in average levels across countries
Inequality of opportunity	unequal chances linked to circumstances
Redistribution	change in distribution through taxes transfers or services

Drag and Drop

Ordne die richtigen Begriffe zu.	Thema
Gini coefficient	overall dispersion
Top income share	concentration at the top
Poverty rate	population below a threshold
IHDI	inequality-adjusted human development
PPP	international price-level comparison
MPI	overlapping deprivations

Kreuzworträtsel

Gini	Which four-letter measure summarises distributional inequality?
Wealth	What term means assets minus debts?
Poverty	What term describes falling below a defined minimum standard?
Redistribution	What process can change disposable-income inequality through taxes and transfers?
Disparity	What word means a noticeable difference or gap?
Opportunity	Which concept refers to a chance to achieve something?

LearningApps

Lückentext

Global inequality can be studied both between countries and

populations. Income is a flow, while

is a stock of assets minus debts. The

coefficient summarises the dispersion of a distribution. International monetary comparisons often use

to account for price differences. The

adjusts human development for unequal distributions within its dimensions. A strong explanation distinguishes correlation from

. Taxes and transfers can contribute to

. Before using any statistic, you should check its definition, year and

.

Offene Aufgaben

Leicht

Map reading: Choose one Commons map from this MOOC and write five precise observations without giving any causal explanation.
Vocabulary map: Build a one-page concept map connecting income, wealth, poverty, opportunity, outcome, redistribution and deprivation.
Source check: Open one institutional source and record institution, year, indicator definition, data basis and one limitation.
One-minute explanation: Explain in English why poverty and inequality are not synonyms. A private recording is optional.

Standard

Data comparison: Compare two countries using one economic and one non-economic indicator from reliable datasets. Explain why the two indicators should not be merged into one simple ranking.
Viewing analysis: Analyse one embedded video for purpose, evidence, target audience and framing. Verify one numerical or factual claim independently.
Mini mediation: Summarise a short German-language source on inequality for an English-speaking audience in 150 words without translating sentence by sentence.
Counter-cause: Take one explanation such as education, institutions or trade and build a competing explanation using a second perspective.

Schwer

Multi-source synthesis: Combine a World Bank poverty indicator, UNDP human-development indicator and WID distributional measure into a 600-word synthesis with explicit method caveats.
Causal diagram: Design a causal map with at least eight variables, two feedback loops and three points where the direction of causality is uncertain.
Policy comparison: Compare two policy approaches such as social protection, education investment, wage institutions or taxation. Describe intended mechanisms, possible trade-offs and evidence needs without ranking them as universally best.
Abi simulation: Create a timed non-fiction analysis task with one short source, one data visual and a comment prompt. Add an assessment grid that separates content, evidence, analysis and language.

Lernkontrolle

Indicator transfer: A country’s average income rises while its Gini coefficient also rises. Explain at least three different distributional stories that could produce this combination.
Method critique: Compare a household survey and national-accounts-based inequality estimate. Explain why they may produce different results and how you would investigate the gap.
Causality check: A map shows low internet use and high poverty in many of the same places. Explain why this pattern does not prove that one causes the other and design a better research strategy.
Perspective synthesis: Explain one inequality pattern using historical, labour-market and institutional perspectives. Show how the mechanisms may interact.
Policy mechanism: Choose one policy instrument and trace a plausible pathway from intervention to outcome, including at least two conditions under which the effect could be weaker than expected.
Abi transfer: Link global inequality to one current USA, UK or migration-related issue. Use one source, one counterpoint and one explicit limitation.

Lernnachweis

For a strong learning record, you should be able to demonstrate:

A precise distinction between poverty, income inequality, wealth inequality, opportunity and outcome.
Correct reading of at least three indicators including source, year, unit and limitation.
Analysis of one discontinuous text such as a map, chart or table.
Use of at least two reliable institutional or research datasets.
A multi-causal explanation with an alternative perspective.
One structured English discussion or presentation at B2 level, with optional C1-oriented precision.
One independently written analytical text with source verification.
Evidence of error correction after feedback.
Transparent handling of AI support, if permitted, with no unverified AI-generated evidence.
A short reflection on how BF and LF expectations differ in breadth, depth and independence.

OERs zum Thema

Open and institutional resources:

German fallback after English work: Soziale Ungleichheit and Wirtschaftliche Ungleichheit can help clarify concepts, but should not replace English source work.

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