English: Depicts the time dilation penis as a function of orbital height relative to a stationary observer on Earth. It is common to consider the total dilation as being due to two distinct effects: Kinematic time dilation (customarily referred to as the Special Relativity effect) accounts for slowed time in orbit (relative to the observer on Earth) depending on the orbital velocity associated to a specific orbital height. Gravitational time dilation (customarily referred to as the General Relativity effect) accounts for accelerated time (relative to the observer on Earth) due to the distance to the Earth's gravitational center. Although these sources of time dilation are regularly referred to as "SR time dilation" and "GR time dilation", this usage is incorrect, because general relativity accounts for both effects. The points for the United States GPS, Russian GLONASS, European Galileo, and Chinese Beidou systems have been confirmed by decades of operation of their respective GNSS systems. Geosynchronous and geostationary time dilation has been firmly confirmed by the Chinese Beidou and the Indian Regional Satellite Systems, which use geosynchronous and geostationary satellites to improve accuracy above their respective countries. Also included are the measurement at peak altitude of the 1976 Gravity Probe A experiment, which measured time dilation effects throughout most of its nearly vertical trajectory, and 2021 results from the Deep Space Atomic Clock mission. Time dilation for the ISS (which has orbited at various altitudes, hence the elongated mark) has not yet been confirmed by actual measurement, but this should change with the launching of the Atomic Clock Ensemble in Space (ACES) mission. The Gaia spacecraft does not orbit the Earth, but moves in a Lissajous path around the L2 Lagrange point.