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{{T}}
[[Category:English]]
[[Category:Portrait Drawing]]

{{BR}}
= Introduction =

A '''portrait drawing''' is a drawing that shows a person. It can show the whole person, but many portraits focus on the head and shoulders. A portrait can tell us about a person's appearance, mood, interests, or character. A '''self-portrait''' is a portrait you make of yourself.

In this aiMOOC, you will learn how to look carefully, simplify a face into basic shapes, place facial features, use light and dark values, and make thoughtful artistic choices. You do not need to make a photograph-like copy. Your goal is to observe, experiment, and communicate something about a person through [[English:Drawing|drawing]].

[[File:Portrait drawing of WB Yeats by JS Sargent.jpg|500px|frameless|center]]

Look at the portrait above. Notice how the artist uses lines and dark areas to suggest hair, clothing, form, and mood. Some parts are detailed, while other parts are loose. This shows that a strong portrait does not need every tiny detail.

{{#ev:youtube|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xNXO6pn35oM|500|center}}

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= Learning Goals =

By the end of this course, you should be able to:

# [[English:Observation|Observation]]: Look closely at a face and notice shapes, angles, spaces, and differences.
# [[English:Proportion|Proportion]]: Use simple guidelines to place facial features in believable positions.
# [[English:Contour drawing|Contour]]: Use outlines and inner lines to describe the shape of a head and its features.
# [[English:Value (art)|Value]]: Use light and dark tones to make forms look more three-dimensional.
# [[English:Texture (visual arts)|Texture]]: Suggest hair, skin, fabric, and other surfaces with varied marks.
# [[English:Facial expression|Expression]]: Show mood by observing eyebrows, eyes, mouth, and head position.
# [[English:Self-portrait|Self-portrait]]: Plan and create a finished portrait or self-portrait.
# [[English:Art criticism|Art feedback]]: Describe what you notice, explain choices, and give kind, useful feedback.

{{BR}}
= What Makes a Portrait? =

A portrait is more than a face-shaped symbol. It is an artwork about a particular person. Artists often think about '''likeness''', which means the drawing has features that help viewers recognize the person. They also think about '''expression''', '''pose''', '''lighting''', and '''composition'''.

A face is not perfectly symmetrical. One eyebrow may be slightly higher, one eye may open a little wider, or the mouth may tilt. These small differences help make each person look unique. Instead of drawing what you think an eye or nose should look like, try drawing what you actually see.

[[File:Fakeface.svg|500px|frameless|center]]

The simple marks above can still look face-like to our brains. This is useful to remember: people quickly recognize face patterns. In portrait drawing, careful observation helps you move beyond a simple symbol and toward a specific person.

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== Portrait, Self-Portrait, and Pose ==

A [[English:Portrait|portrait]] shows another person. A [[English:Self-portrait|self-portrait]] shows the artist. Both can be realistic, stylized, serious, playful, or experimental.

The '''pose''' is the position of the head and body. A straight-on view can feel direct. A side view is called a profile. A three-quarter view shows part of the front and part of the side of the face. For your first careful portrait, a straight-on or gentle three-quarter view is usually easiest.

[[File:Caspardavidfriedrich self1.jpg|500px|frameless|center]]

This self-portrait shows how line, tone, and head angle can create a strong sense of presence without color.

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= Tools and Workspace =

You can make a portrait with many materials. For a basic school project, you only need paper, a pencil, and an eraser. A softer pencil can make darker marks, while a harder pencil often makes lighter, sharper marks. You can also try [[English:Charcoal|charcoal]], colored pencils, crayons, ink, or digital drawing tools.

[[File:Pencil and Eraser (4583580612).jpg|500px|frameless|center]]

Useful materials include:

# [[English:Pencil|Pencil]]: Use it lightly for guidelines and more firmly for darker marks.
# [[English:Eraser|Eraser]]: Use it to correct, lighten, or create highlights instead of trying to make every line perfect immediately.
# [[English:Paper|Paper]]: Choose paper large enough for the face to be drawn bigger than your hand.
# [[English:Mirror|Mirror]]: A mirror lets you study your own face for a self-portrait.
# [[English:Photograph|Photograph]]: A clear photo can be a useful reference when the person cannot sit for you.

Sit where you can see your subject or reference clearly. Keep your paper steady. If you are drawing a classmate, ask permission before you begin and before you share the finished portrait online or outside the class.

{{BR}}
= Building the Head with Simple Shapes =

A portrait becomes easier when you build it in stages. Start with large shapes before small details.

# Draw a light oval or egg-like shape for the head.
# Add the direction of the neck and shoulders.
# Draw a light vertical center line to show which way the face turns.
# Add a light horizontal eye guideline.
# Compare the width and height of the head before adding features.

Do not press hard at the beginning. Early lines are construction lines, so they may change.

[[File:Diagram showing sub-divisions of the human face used by artists when drawing from memory.jpg|500px|frameless|center]]

Artists have used facial proportion diagrams for a long time. These diagrams are '''guides, not rules'''. Real faces vary widely. The most important skill is to compare your drawing with the person you are observing.

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== A Helpful Proportion Guide ==

For a face looking mostly forward, beginners can use these approximate ideas:

# The eyes often sit around halfway between the top of the head and the chin.
# The space between the eyes is often close to the width of one eye.
# The bottom of the nose is often between the eye line and the chin.
# The mouth sits below the nose and above the chin.
# The ears often begin around eye level and end somewhere near nose level.

These relationships change with age, viewpoint, expression, and individual features. Use them as a starting map, then adjust them by observation.

{{#ev:youtube|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=97iPAmER7a4|500|center}}

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= Drawing the Features =

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== Eyes ==

Draw the whole eye shape, not just a circle. The upper eyelid often makes a stronger line than the lower lid. The iris is partly covered by the eyelids in many views. Look for the angle from one inner eye corner to the other instead of assuming the eyes are perfectly level.

Eyebrows have thickness and direction. Draw them as groups of short marks rather than one solid stripe.

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== Nose ==

A nose can be difficult because much of its form is shown by light and shadow rather than a strong outline. Start by finding the bridge, the tip, the nostrils, and the shadow under or beside the nose. Use soft marks. Avoid drawing a heavy line all the way around the nose unless that line is truly visible.

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== Mouth ==

Look at the long direction of the mouth first. The line where the lips meet is often more important than the outer edge of each lip. Notice whether the corners rise, fall, or stay level. The upper and lower lips may catch different amounts of light.

{{BR}}
== Ears, Hair, and Neck ==

Ears are not identical and can look different depending on the head angle. Draw the outer ear shape before the small inner folds.

Hair is a large shape before it is many individual strands. First draw the outside mass of the hairstyle. Then add a few groups of lines that show direction, waves, curls, or texture.

The neck usually begins behind the jaw rather than directly under the chin. Add shoulders so the head feels connected to the body.

[[File:Drawing, Portrait Sketch of a Young Girl, ca. 1885 (CH 18404503).jpg|500px|frameless|center]]

When you study a portrait sketch, notice where the artist used clear edges and where lines become soft or disappear.

{{BR}}
= Light, Value, and Shading =

'''Value''' means how light or dark something appears. Value can make a flat oval look like a rounded head.

Before shading, find the main light source. Ask yourself: Which side of the face is lighter? Where are the darkest shadows? Where are the brightest highlights?

A simple five-step value scale can help you practice: very light, light, middle, dark, and very dark. You do not need to shade every part of the face. Instead, group similar values together.

Common shading methods include:

# [[English:Hatching|Hatching]]: Parallel lines placed close together.
# [[English:Cross-hatching|Cross-hatching]]: Layers of lines crossing in different directions.
# [[English:Blending|Blending]]: Softly smoothing graphite or charcoal.
# [[English:Stippling|Stippling]]: Building value with dots.
# [[English:Scumbling|Scumbling]]: Using small loose marks or scribbles to build tone.

[[File:Indian woman - charcoal pencil sketch portrait art.jpg|500px|frameless|center]]

In a charcoal or pencil portrait, dark values can frame the face, describe hair, and make lighter areas stand out.

{{#ev:youtube|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OOmojMwbOg0|500|center}}

{{BR}}
= Expression and Personality =

A portrait can communicate more than facial measurements. Expression comes from relationships between features.

A smile may lift the corners of the mouth and change the cheeks and eyes. A worried expression may change the eyebrows and forehead. A thoughtful pose may include a tilted head or a gaze away from the viewer.

Try making three tiny thumbnail sketches of the same person with different moods. Change only a few things each time: eyebrow angle, eye openness, mouth shape, and head tilt.

[[File:Léon Spilliaert - Self-Portrait with a Red Pencil.jpg|500px|frameless|center]]

This self-portrait uses strong dark-light contrast and a direct gaze. Ask yourself how those choices affect the mood.

{{BR}}
= Observation: Draw What You See =

Portrait drawing improves when you compare relationships instead of naming parts.

Try these questions while you draw:

# Is the head taller than it is wide?
# Which eyebrow is higher?
# Is the nose closer to one cheek edge because the head is turned?
# How wide is the mouth compared with the distance between the pupils?
# Where is the darkest dark?
# Which edge is sharpest?
# What shape appears between the jaw and the neck?
# What is different about the left and right sides of this face?

You can also use '''negative space'''. This means looking at the shapes around a feature rather than only at the feature itself. For example, study the small shape between the nose and cheek, or the space between the chin and shoulder.

{{BR}}
= A Step-by-Step Portrait Project =

Use this process for a finished Grades 5–6 portrait.

# '''Choose a subject.''' Draw yourself from a mirror, a willing classmate, a family member, or a teacher-approved photograph.
# '''Plan the composition.''' Decide how much of the head, shoulders, and background will fit on the page.
# '''Block in the head.''' Use a light oval and simple neck and shoulder shapes.
# '''Add guidelines.''' Place a center line and eye line, then mark approximate positions for the nose and mouth.
# '''Measure by comparison.''' Check widths, angles, and spaces before adding details.
# '''Draw the features.''' Work from large shapes to smaller shapes.
# '''Add hair as masses.''' Show the big light and dark groups before individual strands.
# '''Build values.''' Start with the largest shadow shapes, then add middle tones and darker accents.
# '''Refine edges.''' Sharpen important edges and soften less important ones.
# '''Add a simple background.''' Use a shape, pattern, or light value that supports the face without taking attention away from it.
# '''Review.''' Step back from the drawing. Compare it with your reference and make two or three useful changes.
# '''Sign and reflect.''' Write your name, date, and a short note about one choice you are proud of and one skill you want to practice next.

[[File:Portrait pencil drawing.jpg|500px|frameless|center]]

A finished pencil portrait can combine careful outlines, soft values, darker accents, and varied textures.

{{#ev:youtube|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gtB7L9rgu-A|500|center}}

{{BR}}
= Looking at Portraits Like an Artist =

When you study a portrait, use evidence from the artwork. Instead of saying only "I like it" or "I do not like it," explain what you notice.

You can use these sentence starters:

'''I notice...''' Name something you can see, such as a dark shadow, a curved line, or an unusual crop.

'''I think the artist wanted to show...''' Explain an idea and point to visual evidence.

'''My eye goes first to... because...''' Describe how value, contrast, detail, or placement directs attention.

'''One choice I might try in my own drawing is...''' Connect your observation to your own art practice.

[[File:Portrait of a Woman MET ap46.22.2.jpg|500px|frameless|center]]

Compare this charcoal-and-chalk portrait with the other drawings in the course. Look for differences in edges, contrast, texture, and detail.

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= Helpful Feedback =

Good feedback helps an artist make decisions. It should be specific, kind, and useful.

A simple class routine is '''Notice – Wonder – Suggest''':

# '''Notice:''' Describe one successful visual choice.
# '''Wonder:''' Ask one question about the artist's intention.
# '''Suggest:''' Offer one possible next step, such as checking the eye line, deepening one shadow, or simplifying the hair shape.

The artist decides whether to use the suggestion. Art can have many successful solutions.

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= Interactive Tasks =

{{BR}}
== Quiz: Test Your Knowledge ==

{{MC}}

'''What is a self-portrait?'''
(A portrait an artist makes of themself)
(!A drawing made only with charcoal)
(!A picture with no person in it)
(!A drawing of a building)

{{E}}
<br>

{{MC}}

'''Why should early construction lines be light?'''
(They are easier to adjust)
(!They must always stay visible)
(!They make the paper thicker)
(!They automatically create texture)

{{E}}
<br>

{{MC}}

'''What does proportion describe in portrait drawing?'''
(How sizes and positions relate to one another)
(!Only the darkness of a pencil mark)
(!Only the color of the background)
(!The price of art materials)

{{E}}
<br>

{{MC}}

'''Which statement about facial proportion guides is best?'''
(They are starting points that should be checked by observation)
(!They are strict rules that fit every face)
(!They remove the need to look at the subject)
(!They are only useful for drawing cartoons)

{{E}}
<br>

{{MC}}

'''What does value mean in drawing?'''
(How light or dark something appears)
(!How expensive an artwork is)
(!How smooth the paper feels)
(!How large the frame is)

{{E}}
<br>

{{MC}}

'''What is a good first step for drawing hair?'''
(Draw the large overall hair shape)
(!Draw every single strand first)
(!Fill the whole hair area with one hard outline)
(!Erase the head shape completely)

{{E}}
<br>

{{MC}}

'''Which method builds shading with parallel lines?'''
(Hatching)
(!Collage)
(!Folding)
(!Printing)

{{E}}
<br>

{{MC}}

'''What can help show expression in a portrait?'''
(Eyebrow angle and mouth shape)
(!Paper size only)
(!The artist's signature only)
(!The pencil brand only)

{{E}}
<br>

{{MC}}

'''Why is it useful to step back from your drawing?'''
(It helps you compare the whole portrait)
(!It makes the pencil sharper)
(!It changes the paper color)
(!It guarantees perfect symmetry)

{{E}}
<br>

{{MC}}

'''What makes feedback most useful?'''
(It is specific and connected to something visible)
(!It only says good or bad)
(!It tells the artist to copy someone else)
(!It avoids looking at the artwork)

{{E}}
<br>

{{BR}}
== Memory Game ==

<div class="memo-quiz">
{|
|-
| Proportion || The relationship between sizes and positions
|-
| Value || How light or dark an area appears
|-
| Contour || A line that describes an edge or boundary
|-
| Texture || The surface quality suggested by marks
|-
| Highlight || One of the lightest areas on a form
|-
| Expression || A visible sign of mood or feeling
|-
| Hatching || Shading made with parallel lines
|}
{{E}}
<br>

{{BR}}
== Drag and Drop ==

<div class="lueckentext-quiz">

{| class="wikitable"
! Match the correct terms.
! Topic
|-
| '''Guideline'''
| A light temporary line used to place features
|-
| '''Negative space'''
| A shape around or between parts of the subject
|-
| '''Three-quarter view'''
| A head position showing both front and side
|-
| '''Cast shadow'''
| A dark shape made when an object blocks light
|-
| '''Thumbnail sketch'''
| A small quick drawing used to test an idea
|}
{{E}}

<br>
...
<br />

{{BR}}
== Crossword Puzzle ==

<div class="kreuzwort-quiz">
{|
|-
| Portrait || What kind of artwork shows a particular person?
|-
| Proportion || What word describes size and placement relationships?
|-
| Contour || What word means a line that describes an edge?
|-
| Shading || What technique builds light and dark areas?
|-
| Texture || What word describes the surface quality suggested by marks?
|-
| Highlight || What is one of the lightest areas on a form called?
|}
{{E}}
<br>

{{BR}}
== LearningApps ==

<iframe> https://learningapps.org/index.php?s=Portrait+Drawing </iframe>

{{BR}}
== Cloze Text ==

<quiz display=simple>
{'''Complete the text.'''<br>
|type="{}"}
A portrait drawing shows a particular { person }. A drawing you make of yourself is called a { self-portrait }. Light construction lines help you plan the head before adding { details }. A useful proportion guide places the eyes around the middle of the { head }. Real faces vary, so every guide should be checked by careful { observation }. The word { value } describes how light or dark an area appears. Hair is easier to draw when you begin with its large overall { shape }. Eyebrow angle, eye shape, and mouth shape can help show { expression }. Shading can make a flat shape look more { three-dimensional }. Helpful art feedback should be specific, kind, and connected to visible { evidence }.
</quiz>

<br>

{{BR}}
= Open-Ended Tasks =

{{BR}}
=== Easy ===
# [[English:Mirror self-portrait|Mirror self-portrait]]: Draw a simple self-portrait from a mirror using only contour lines. Circle three places where careful observation changed what you expected to draw.
# [[English:Expression study|Expression study]]: Make four small face sketches showing happiness, surprise, worry, and calm. Change eyebrows, eyes, mouth, and head tilt.
# [[English:Value scale|Value scale]]: Create a five-step pencil value scale from very light to very dark, then use the same values to shade a simple egg shape.
# [[English:Portrait vocabulary card|Portrait vocabulary card]]: Design an illustrated card that teaches the words proportion, contour, value, texture, and highlight in your own clear language.

{{BR}}
=== Standard ===
# [[English:Classmate portrait|Classmate portrait]]: With permission, draw a classmate for fifteen minutes. Compare at least five relationships such as eye spacing, head width, or mouth angle before adding details.
# [[English:Portrait photo analysis|Portrait photo analysis]]: Choose a teacher-approved portrait photo and mark the center line, eye line, main shadow shapes, and strongest edge on a tracing sheet or digital copy.
# [[English:Two-material portrait|Two-material portrait]]: Create one portrait using pencil plus one second material such as colored pencil, charcoal, or ink. Explain what each material helps you communicate.
# [[English:Artist comparison|Artist comparison]]: Compare two portrait drawings from this course. Write a short paragraph explaining how line, value, texture, and mood differ.

{{BR}}
=== Advanced ===
# [[English:Three-view portrait study|Three-view portrait study]]: Draw the same person in front, profile, and three-quarter views. Add notes explaining which proportions change and which remain similar.
# [[English:Lighting experiment|Lighting experiment]]: With adult or teacher supervision, place a safe lamp at two different positions beside a willing subject. Make two quick studies showing how the main shadow shapes change.
# [[English:Portrait interview project|Portrait interview project]]: Interview a willing person about an interest, memory, or goal. Create a portrait that includes at least three visual clues from the interview, then write an artist statement.
# [[English:Portrait process video|Portrait process video]]: Record a short teacher-approved time-lapse or narrated video showing your portrait from guidelines to final values. Explain at least three decisions you changed after observing more carefully.

{{:Open Task - Create a MOOC}}

{{BR}}
= Learning Assessment =

# [[English:Proportion reasoning|Proportion reasoning]]: You notice that a portrait's eyes look too high. Explain two comparisons you could make before erasing anything, and describe how those checks would guide your correction.
# [[English:Light and form transfer|Light and form transfer]]: A face looks flat even though the features are well placed. Explain how you would find and organize light, middle, and dark values to create more form.
# [[English:Observation challenge|Observation challenge]]: Compare a symbol-style eye with an observed eye drawing. Identify three differences and explain why observation can make a portrait more specific.
# [[English:Expression redesign|Expression redesign]]: Take a neutral face sketch and plan changes that would communicate a chosen mood. Justify each change using eyebrows, eyes, mouth, and head angle.
# [[English:Critique response|Critique response]]: A classmate suggests darkening every outline in your portrait. Decide whether you would follow the advice. Use ideas about edges, light, and emphasis to support your answer.
# [[English:Ethical sharing|Ethical sharing]]: Explain what you should consider before drawing, photographing, or posting a portrait of another student, and propose a respectful class rule.

<br>
<br>

{{BR}}
= Evidence of Learning =

'''Knowledge:''' You can explain portrait, self-portrait, proportion, contour, value, texture, highlight, expression, and negative space in your own words.

'''Observation skill:''' You can compare angles, distances, widths, and shapes instead of relying only on memorized face symbols.

'''Drawing skill:''' You can build a head from simple shapes, place features with guidelines, and revise proportions after checking your reference.

'''Value skill:''' You can organize light and shadow into clear groups and use more than one shading method.

'''Communication:''' You can use pose, expression, line, value, texture, and background choices to communicate something about a person.

'''Creative product:''' You can complete a portrait or self-portrait that shows planning, observation, revision, and intentional visual choices.

'''Reflection:''' You can explain one successful decision, one challenge, and one useful next step in your own portrait process.

'''Transfer:''' You can apply the same observation and proportion skills to other subjects such as hands, figures, animals, objects, and scenes.

<br>
<br>

{{BR}}
= OERs on the Topic =

<iframe> https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portrait </iframe>

<br>

{{BR}}
= Linked Learning Areas =

Portrait drawing connects [[English:Art|art]], [[English:Drawing|drawing]], [[English:Observation|observation]], [[English:Geometry|geometry]], [[English:Light|light]], [[English:Human face|facial structure]], [[English:Facial expression|expression]], and [[English:Visual communication|visual communication]]. You use measurement and comparison to place features, science ideas about light to understand shading, language skills to discuss art, and social skills to ask permission and give respectful feedback.

{| align=center
{{:D-Tab}}
'''[[English:Portrait Drawing|Portrait Drawing]]'''
# [[English:Portrait|Portrait]]
# [[English:Self-portrait|Self-portrait]]
# [[English:Drawing|Drawing]]
# [[English:Proportion|Proportion]]
# [[English:Contour drawing|Contour drawing]]
# [[English:Shading|Shading]]
# [[English:Value (art)|Value (art)]]
# [[English:Facial expression|Facial expression]]
# [[English:Texture (visual arts)|Texture (visual arts)]]
# [[English:Art criticism|Art criticism]]
|}

[[Category:English]]
[[Category:Art]]
[[Category:Drawing]]
[[Category:Grades 5-6]]

{{BR}}
= aiMOOC Projects =
[[Category:English]]
[[Category:Portrait Drawing]]
[[Category:Art]]
[[Category:Drawing]]
[[Category:Grades 5-6]]
[[Category:AI_MOOC]]
[[Category:GPT aiMOOC]]
{{MT}}

English:Portrait Drawing - Versionsgeschichte

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