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= E10 E - Discuss evidence and counterarguments =

[[Datei:UNIS-UN Debate.jpg|500px|rahmenlos|center]]

'''Mini description:''' Use short source-based evidence, respond to counterarguments and clearly distinguish '''strong evidence''', '''assumption''' and '''personal opinion'''. You work mainly in English, check sources, discuss several perspectives and revise your own language.

'''Level:''' English as a first foreign language, Grade 10, E-Niveau, Baden-Württemberg. The course follows: '''understand → respond → analyse → communicate → feedback → revise → transfer'''.

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= Einleitung =

A good discussion is more than saying what you think. You need a clear claim, relevant evidence and a fair response to another view. In this aiMOOC, you learn to use short evidence from sources without copying large parts. You also learn to say when evidence is strong, when a statement is only an assumption and when it is simply a personal opinion.

'''Core question:''' How can you make an argument convincing without pretending that your evidence is perfect?

[[Datei:Communicative people.png|450px|rahmenlos|center]]

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== I-can goals ==

# '''I can''' identify a claim, evidence, an assumption and a personal opinion.
# '''I can''' use short source-based evidence and explain why it supports my point.
# '''I can''' respond to a counterargument respectfully and precisely.
# '''I can''' compare two sources and comment on reliability, purpose and limits.
# '''I can''' use cautious language such as ''may'', ''might'', ''suggests'' and ''seems''.
# '''I can''' revise my own speaking or writing after feedback.

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== Before you start: activate prior knowledge ==

Think for one minute about this statement:

'''“If a website looks professional, its information is probably reliable.”'''

Decide: '''evidence, assumption or opinion?''' Give one reason in English. Then name one thing you would check before trusting the website.

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= Media start: discuss, do not just react =

{{#ev:youtube| https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fTHaALnWE0U |500|center}}

'''Viewing task:''' Listen for one phrase that makes an opinion sound less direct. Use the phrase in your own sentence.

[[Datei:Speech bubbles.svg|450px|rahmenlos|center]]

'''Quick response:''' Complete orally:
# ''I think ... because ...''
# ''I see your point, but ...''
# ''The source suggests ...''
# ''I am not fully convinced because ...''

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= Evidence, assumption and opinion =

{| class="wikitable"
! Type
! What it means
! Short example
|-
| '''Strong evidence'''
| Relevant, checkable information from a credible source. Strong evidence is often supported by more than one source.
| ''Two independent sources report the same result.''
|-
| '''Assumption'''
| Something treated as true without enough proof.
| ''The website looks professional, so it must be reliable.''
|-
| '''Personal opinion'''
| A personal judgement, preference or view.
| ''I find this source more convincing.''
|}

'''Important:''' Evidence is not automatically strong because it contains a number, a chart or an expert quote. Ask who produced it, for what purpose, when it was produced and whether other reliable sources support it.

[[Datei:Protection from misinformation-disinformation.svg|380px|rahmenlos|center]]

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== The evidence check ==

Use five quick questions:

{| class="wikitable"
! Check
! Ask
|-
| '''Source'''
| Who created the information?
|-
| '''Purpose'''
| Why was it created?
|-
| '''Support'''
| What evidence is actually given?
|-
| '''Date'''
| Is the information current enough for this question?
|-
| '''Cross-check'''
| What do other reliable sources say?
|}

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= Listening and viewing: how to disagree well =

{{#ev:youtube| https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F5h3tLtgVrI |500|center}}

'''First viewing – understand:''' What is the disagreement about?

'''Second viewing – language:''' Note one phrase for polite disagreement and one reason that supports a position.

'''Respond:''' Replace ''You are wrong'' with a more useful response that includes a reason.

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= Reading and media analysis: check the source =

[[Datei:How to Spot Fake News.jpg|500px|rahmenlos|center]]

Scan the infographic first. Do not translate every word.

'''Reading focus:'''
# Identify three checks you can use before trusting a claim.
# Choose the most useful check for a viral post and explain why.
# Find one point that would not be enough on its own.
# State one limitation of using a checklist mechanically.

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== Source A: lateral reading ==

{{#ev:youtube| https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GoQG6Tin-1E |500|center}}

'''Source note:''' CrashCourse explains '''lateral reading''': instead of staying on one page, you leave it and check what other sources say about the site, author or claim.

'''Task:''' After viewing, write three short notes:
# Who made the source?
# What is the main advice?
# Why could this method improve source checking?

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== Source B: fact, opinion and news ==

{{#ev:youtube| https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-Y-z6HmRgI |500|center}}

'''Source note:''' TED-Ed explores how facts, opinions and unsupported information can appear in news and why readers need to compare information critically.

'''Compare:''' What do Source A and Source B have in common? What is one difference in focus?

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== Media analysis: what does the image suggest? ==

[[Datei:Recognizing fake news & misinformation.jpg|450px|rahmenlos|center]]

Look at the image as a media text.

# What is the main message?
# Which visual element guides your attention?
# Does the image provide evidence itself, or does it mainly encourage a behaviour?
# What additional source would you need before making a factual claim?

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= Context vocabulary =

{| class="wikitable"
! Word or phrase
! Useful meaning in this course
! Example
|-
| '''claim'''
| a statement that can be supported or challenged
| ''The claim needs evidence.''
|-
| '''evidence'''
| information used to support a claim
| ''The evidence comes from two sources.''
|-
| '''source'''
| where information comes from
| ''Check the source before using it.''
|-
| '''reliable'''
| likely to be trustworthy for the purpose
| ''The source seems reliable, but check its date.''
|-
| '''assumption'''
| an idea accepted without enough proof
| ''That is an assumption, not evidence.''
|-
| '''counterargument'''
| a reason against your claim
| ''A counterargument is that the source is old.''
|-
| '''bias'''
| a tendency that can shape selection or presentation
| ''Possible bias does not automatically make every fact false.''
|-
| '''limitation'''
| something that reduces how far evidence can be used
| ''The small sample is a limitation.''
|}

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== Pronunciation and speaking clarity ==

Focus on clear word stress and pauses. You do not need a native-speaker accent.

{| class="wikitable"
! Word
! Stress focus
! Speaking tip
|-
| evidence
| '''EV'''-i-dence
| Keep the first syllable strong.
|-
| reliable
| re-'''LI'''-a-ble
| Do not rush the middle syllables.
|-
| argument
| '''AR'''-gu-ment
| Keep the final syllable short.
|-
| counterargument
| counter-'''AR'''-gu-ment
| Pause before the word if it starts a new point.
|}

'''Practice sentence:''' ''I see your point, but the evidence is limited.''

Say it once slowly, once at normal speed and once with a short pause before ''but''.

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= Speaking: build a source-based response =

[[Datei:Debate estudiantil.jpg|500px|rahmenlos|center]]

Use this structure:

{| class="wikitable"
! Step
! Useful language
|-
| '''Claim'''
| ''I think that ...''
|-
| '''Evidence'''
| ''According to Source A, ...''
|-
| '''Explain'''
| ''This matters because ...''
|-
| '''Counterargument'''
| ''A possible counterargument is ...''
|-
| '''Response'''
| ''That point is important, but ...''
|-
| '''Limit'''
| ''However, the source is limited because ...''
|}

'''Discussion statement:''' ''One reliable-looking source is enough for a strong school argument.''

Work with two or three perspectives. You may agree partly. Your goal is not to “win”; your goal is to make the reasoning stronger.

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== Speaking help: short response frames ==

# ''The strongest evidence here is ... because ...''
# ''This is an assumption because ...''
# ''That is a personal opinion, not proof.''
# ''I see your point, but the source does not show ...''
# ''Source A supports this idea, while Source B adds ...''
# ''The evidence suggests ..., but it does not prove ...''
# ''A limitation is ...''
# ''After checking another source, I would revise my view by ...''

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= Writing: a compact evidence paragraph =

Write about '''120–160 words'''.

'''Prompt:''' ''Is one source enough for a strong argument?''

Use at least two of the course sources. Include:
# one clear claim
# two short pieces of source-based evidence
# one explanation of why the evidence matters
# one counterargument
# one response to the counterargument
# one source limitation
# a precise final sentence

'''Do not copy full sentences from a source.''' Keep the wording mainly your own.

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== Functional grammar: concession and cautious claims ==

Use grammar to show relationships between ideas.

{| class="wikitable"
! Function
! Form
! Example
|-
| '''Concession'''
| although / even though
| ''Although the source is useful, it is quite old.''
|-
| '''Contrast'''
| while / whereas
| ''Source A focuses on checking, while Source B focuses on news.''
|-
| '''Cautious claim'''
| may / might / can
| ''The image may influence how readers react.''
|-
| '''Reporting'''
| suggests / argues / reports / claims
| ''The video suggests that readers should cross-check information.''
|-
| '''Limitation'''
| does not show / cannot prove
| ''The example does not show what happens in every case.''
|}

'''Precision rule:''' Use ''proves'' only when the evidence really justifies certainty. In many school discussions, ''suggests'', ''supports'' or ''indicates'' is more accurate.

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= Mediation =

A German classmate asks: ''Warum reicht eine professionell aussehende Quelle nicht automatisch aus?''

Explain the answer in '''clear English in 50–70 words'''. Select the useful information for your classmate. Do not translate word for word. Mention at least two source checks.

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= Feedback and revision =

Exchange your paragraph with a partner or use the checklist yourself.

{| class="wikitable"
! Code
! Check
! Revision question
|-
| '''E'''
| Evidence
| Did I name the source and use relevant evidence?
|-
| '''X'''
| Explanation
| Did I explain why the evidence supports my point?
|-
| '''C'''
| Counterargument
| Did I answer another view fairly?
|-
| '''S'''
| Source criticism
| Did I mention reliability or a limitation?
|-
| '''L'''
| Language
| Did I use precise linkers and cautious wording?
|-
| '''O'''
| Ownership
| Is the text mainly in my own words?
|}

Give feedback in this form:

'''One strong point:''' ...

'''One question:''' ...

'''One concrete next step:''' ...

Then revise your text. Keep the first version so that you can see what changed.

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== Error analysis: repair the reasoning ==

{| class="wikitable"
! Weak version
! Problem
! Better move
|-
| ''Everyone knows this is true.''
| assumption
| Name a source or remove the claim.
|-
| ''The source has a chart, so it is reliable.''
| visual appearance is treated as proof
| Check who made the chart and where the data come from.
|-
| ''I like the idea, so the evidence is strong.''
| opinion is confused with evidence
| Separate your view from the quality of the source.
|-
| ''The video proves that all websites are unreliable.''
| claim is too broad
| Use cautious wording and state what the video actually supports.
|-
| ''Some people disagree.''
| counterargument is vague
| State the strongest relevant reason against your claim.
|}

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= Safe and responsible work =

# Use only fictional profiles or applications if a task needs personal details.
# Audio or video recordings are voluntary and should stay private unless you have clear permission to share them.
# Do not upload other people's work, personal data or recordings without permission.
# If you use AI support, check factual claims and sources. Keep your own wording and your own reasoning.
# No external AI access is required for this course.
# Clear communication matters more than accent-free speech.
# Avoid cultural stereotypes. Compare specific sources and contexts instead.

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= Transfer challenge =

Imagine a school social-media post says:

'''“This new learning app definitely improves grades.”'''

You have not seen the study behind the claim.

Create a five-step check:
# What source would you ask for?
# What evidence would count as strong?
# What assumption might people make?
# What counterargument should be considered?
# What cautious conclusion could you give before the evidence is checked?

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= Can-do check =

Rate yourself: '''0 = not yet, 1 = with support, 2 = independently'''.

{| class="wikitable"
! Can-do statement
! 0 / 1 / 2
|-
| I can separate evidence, assumption and personal opinion.
|
|-
| I can use evidence from a named source.
|
|-
| I can explain why evidence is relevant.
|
|-
| I can respond to a counterargument.
|
|-
| I can compare source quality and limitations.
|
|-
| I can revise my wording after feedback.
|
|}

'''Next step:''' If you score mostly 2, continue with [[E10 E - Compare sources and build a balanced argument]]. If you score several 0 or 1, repeat the source check and speaking frames before moving on.

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= Interaktive Aufgaben =

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== Quiz: Teste Dein Wissen ==

{{MC}}

'''Which sentence uses source-based evidence most clearly?'''
(According to Source A, lateral reading means checking what other sources say about a page or claim.)
(!I strongly feel that checking sources is always easy.)
(!Everybody knows that reliable pages look professional.)
(!My friend says this source is probably correct.)

{{E}}
<br>

{{MC}}

'''Which statement is an assumption?'''
(A professional-looking website must be reliable.)
(!The source was published in 2019.)
(!The video names lateral reading as a checking strategy.)
(!Two independent sources report the same point.)

{{E}}
<br>

{{MC}}

'''Which sentence is a personal opinion?'''
(I find the infographic easy to understand.)
(!The infographic has an identifiable publisher.)
(!The video was created by CrashCourse.)
(!The source gives advice about checking information.)

{{E}}
<br>

{{MC}}

'''What makes evidence stronger?'''
(It is relevant, checkable and supported by credible sources.)
(!It uses difficult vocabulary.)
(!It is repeated many times on one website.)
(!It agrees with your personal view.)

{{E}}
<br>

{{MC}}

'''What is a counterargument?'''
(A relevant reason that challenges your claim.)
(!A second example of your own opinion.)
(!A sentence that changes the topic.)
(!A list of difficult words.)

{{E}}
<br>

{{MC}}

'''Which phrase shows cautious reasoning?'''
(The evidence suggests that the claim may be too broad.)
(!The evidence proves everything.)
(!This is obviously true for everyone.)
(!No other view is possible.)

{{E}}
<br>

{{MC}}

'''What should you do when a source looks reliable?'''
(Check the creator, purpose, evidence, date and other sources.)
(!Trust it immediately.)
(!Use it only if it supports your view.)
(!Ignore the date.)

{{E}}
<br>

{{MC}}

'''Which sentence responds to a counterargument most effectively?'''
(I see your point, but this source does not show results for every group.)
(!No, that is wrong.)
(!I do not like your argument.)
(!Anyway, my opinion is different.)

{{E}}
<br>

{{MC}}

'''What is lateral reading?'''
(Leaving a page to check what other sources say about it.)
(!Reading every line of one page several times.)
(!Translating every word before checking the source.)
(!Choosing the first search result and stopping.)

{{E}}
<br>

{{MC}}

'''What should remain after using AI support for writing?'''
(Your own reasoning, checked sources and mainly your own wording.)
(!An unchecked AI answer.)
(!A copied text with no source check.)
(!A text you cannot explain yourself.)

{{E}}
<br>

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== Memory ==

<div class="memo-quiz">
{|
|-
| Evidence || Information supporting a claim
|-
| Assumption || Idea accepted without enough proof
|-
| Counterargument || Reason challenging a claim
|-
| Reliability || Trustworthiness for a purpose
|-
| Limitation || Factor reducing how far evidence can be used
|-
| Lateral reading || Checking a source through other sources
|-
| Concession || Acknowledging a point before adding contrast
|-
| Revision || Improving a first version after feedback
|}
{{E}}
<br>

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== Drag and Drop ==

<div class="lueckentext-quiz">

{| class="wikitable"
! Ordne die richtigen Begriffe zu.
! Thema
|-
| '''Source check'''
| Who created the information and why?
|-
| '''Evidence'''
| What information supports the claim?
|-
| '''Counterargument'''
| What relevant reason challenges the claim?
|-
| '''Limitation'''
| What can the source not show?
|-
| '''Revision'''
| What should be improved after feedback?

|}
{{E}}

<br>

{{BR}}
== Kreuzworträtsel ==

<div class="kreuzwort-quiz">
{|
|-
| Evidence || What do you use to support a claim?
|-
| Reliable || What adjective describes a source that can be trusted for a purpose?
|-
| Assumption || What do we call an idea accepted without enough proof?
|-
| Rebuttal || What word can describe a reasoned response to a counterargument?
|-
| Source || What do we call the origin of information?
|-
| Bias || What can shape how information is selected or presented?
|}
{{E}}
<br>

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== LearningApps ==

<iframe> https://learningapps.org/index.php?s=E10+E+Discuss+evidence+and+counterarguments </iframe>

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== Lückentext ==

<quiz display=simple>
{'''Vervollständige den Text.'''<br>
|type="{}"}
A clear argument begins with a focused { claim }. Information that supports the claim is called { evidence }. An idea accepted without enough proof is an { assumption }. A personal judgement is an { opinion }. A reason against your claim is a { counterargument }. To check a website through other sources, you can use { lateral reading }. Words such as may and might make a claim more { cautious }. After feedback, you should { revise } your text.
</quiz>

<br>

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= Offene Aufgaben =

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=== Leicht ===

# [[Evidence hunt]]: Choose one course video and write down two pieces of information that could support a claim. Explain each in one sentence.
# [[Assumption detector]]: Create five short statements about online information. Mark each as evidence, assumption or opinion and justify your choice.
# [[Polite disagreement]]: Write four respectful responses beginning with ''I see your point, but ...'' or ''I'm not fully convinced because ...''.
# [[Source check card]]: Design a small visual card with the five checks source, purpose, support, date and cross-check.

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=== Standard ===

# [[Two-source comparison]]: Compare the CrashCourse and TED-Ed videos. Explain one similarity, one difference and one limitation of each.
# [[Mini discussion]]: In pairs, discuss whether one source can ever be enough. Use evidence, a counterargument and a response.
# [[Media analysis]]: Choose one Commons image from this course and explain how its design supports a message. Separate visual interpretation from factual evidence.
# [[Mediation task]]: Explain to a German-speaking classmate in clear English how to check a viral claim. Select information for the listener instead of translating sentence by sentence.

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=== Schwer ===

# [[Balanced paragraph]]: Write 150 words on the course discussion statement using two sources, a counterargument, a response and one source limitation.
# [[Evidence upgrade]]: Take a weak claim such as ''This app improves learning'' and create a plan for what evidence would make the claim stronger.
# [[Source audit]]: Find an age-appropriate public web source chosen by your teacher. Check creator, purpose, evidence, date and cross-checking, then give a cautious conclusion.
# [[Revision portfolio]]: Keep a first and revised version of one text. Highlight three changes and explain how each improves reasoning, source use or clarity.

{{:Offene Aufgabe - MOOC erstellen}}

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= Lernkontrolle =

# [[Evidence and relevance]]: You receive two short sources on the same claim. Decide which evidence is more relevant and explain your criteria.
# [[Counterargument response]]: Write a response to a strong counterargument without dismissing it. Include one concession and one evidence-based reply.
# [[Source limitation]]: Explain why a credible source can still be limited for a specific question. Give a concrete example.
# [[Language precision]]: Rewrite three overconfident claims using cautious language and explain why the revised versions are more accurate.
# [[Media transfer]]: Analyse a new infographic. Separate what the graphic directly shows from what you infer.
# [[Revision decision]]: Compare a first and second paragraph version. Identify which changes improve coherence, source use and fairness to other views.

{{BR}}
= Lernnachweis =

For a successful learning record, show that you can:

# identify claim, evidence, assumption and opinion
# use at least two relevant sources without copying large sections
# explain why evidence supports a point
# include and answer a meaningful counterargument
# comment on source reliability and limitations
# use precise linkers and cautious wording
# revise your own text after feedback
# explain your source choices and keep your own reasoning visible

The learning record should not require public uploads. Audio or video evidence is optional and can remain private.

<br>
<br>

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= OERs zum Thema =

<iframe> https://de.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument </iframe>

<br>

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= Verknüpfte Lernbereiche =

{| align=center
{{:D-Tab}}
'''[[Argumentation in English]]'''
# [[Evidence]]
# [[Counterargument]]
# [[Source criticism]]
# [[Media literacy]]
# [[Speaking]]
# [[Writing]]
# [[Mediation]]
# [[Revision]]
|}

[[Kategorie:Englisch]]
[[Kategorie:Klasse 10]]
[[Kategorie:Baden-Württemberg]]
[[Kategorie:E-Niveau]]
[[Kategorie:Argumentation]]
[[Kategorie:Medienkompetenz]]
[[Kategorie:Quellenkritik]]

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= aiMOOC-Projekte =
[[Kategorie:AI_MOOC]] [[Kategorie:GPT aiMOOC]]
{{MT}}

E10 E - Discuss evidence and counterarguments - Versionsgeschichte

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